Kowal Law Group Logo

Why AI Cites Really Bother the Courts

Tim Kowal     December 4, 2025

Want to know why bad AI cites really bother the courts? Jeff and Tim discuss two recent fake-AI-cites cases imposing sanctions and State Bar referrals, and draw this conclusion: It’s not that AI is bad at law—in one of these cases, the court noted that none of the AI mistakes even went in the direction of helping the offending party. Rather, the problem is that AI is just bad at citing and quoting the law. And the courts are super-protective against our legal canon becoming polluted with hallucinations.

  • Blame game backfires: In Shayan v. Shakib, appellant’s counsel blamed non-attorney staff for adding the bad AI cites to the brief. The mistakes didn’t really change the arguments, and the court ordered counsel to file a corrected version. But the outcome is going to be the same, plus $7500 sanctions and a State Bar referral.
  • Gatekeeping function: Courts emphasize that even when fabricated citations don't advance a party's position, they still threaten "the integrity of courts and the legal profession" by risking that fake law becomes cited as real precedent.
  • We discuss updates in the Boies Schiller/Scientology case, and whether these recent cases predict the result.
  • Voluntary dismissal dilemma: Tim’s firm filed an amicus brief in the Maniago case, arguing that voluntary dismissals with prejudice should be treated as appealable final judgments, challenging the rule that clerk-entered dismissals are merely "ministerial acts."
  • Heated bench: A Texas redistricting case features an unusually scathing dissent beginning with "The main winners from Judge Brown's opinion are George Soros and Gavin Newsom," raising questions about appropriate judicial temperament.
 

Appellate Specialist Jeff Lewis' biography, LinkedIn profile, and Twitter feed.

Appellate Specialist Tim Kowal's biography, LinkedIn profile, Twitter feed, and YouTube page.

Sign up for Not To Be Published, Tim Kowal’s weekly legal update, or view his blog of recent cases.

Other items discussed in the episode:

 

    Tim Kowal is an appellate specialist certified by the California State Bar Board of Legal Specialization. Tim helps trial attorneys and clients win their cases and avoid error on appeal. He co-hosts the Cal. Appellate Law Podcast at CALpodcast.com, and publishes summaries of cases and appellate tips for trial attorneys. Contact Tim at Tim@KowalLawGroup.com or (949) 676-9989.
    Get “Not To Be Published,” a weekly digest of these articles, delivered directly to your inbox!
    Subscribe

    "Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people will find a way around the laws."

    — Plato (427-347 B.C.)

    "It may be that the court is thought to be excessively legalistic. I should be sorry to think that it is anything else."

    — Hon. Sir Owen Dixon, Chief Justice of Australia

    "At common law, barratry was 'the offense of frequently exciting and stirring up suits and quarrels' (4 Blackstone, Commentaries 134) and was punished as a misdemeanor."

    Rubin v. Green (1993) 4 Cal.4th 1187

    "God made the angels to show Him splendor, … Man He made to serve Him wittily, in the tangle of his mind."

    — Sir Thomas More in Robert Bolt's A Man for All Seasons

    “It will be of little avail to the people, that the laws are made by men of their own choice, if the laws be so voluminous that they cannot be read, or so incoherent that they cannot be understood; if they be repealed or revised before they are promulgated, or undergo such incessant changes that no man, who knows what the law is today, can guess what it will be tomorrow. Law is defined to be a rule of action; but how can that be a rule, which is little known, and less fixed?”

    — James Madison, Federalist 62

    "Moot points have to be settled somehow, once they get thrust upon us. If an assertion cannot be proved, then it must be settled some other way, and nearly all of these ways are unfair to somebody."

    —T.H. White, The Once and Future King

    "Do not worry about people stealing your ideas. If your ideas are any good, you'll have to ram them down people's throats."

    — Howard H. Aiken

    "So far as the beginnings of law had theories, the first theory of liability was in terms of a duty to buy off the vengeance of him to whom an injury had been done whether by oneself or by something in one's power. The idea is put strikingly in the Anglo-Saxon legal proverb, 'Buy spear from side or bear it,' that is, buy off the feud or fight it out."

    — Roscoe Pound, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Law

    "A judge is a law student who grades his own papers."

    — H.L. Mencken

    "Counsel on the firing line in an actual trial must be prepared for surprises, including requests for amendments of pleading. They cannot ask that a judgment afterwards obtained be set aside merely because their equilibrium was slightly disturbed by an unexpected motion."

    Posz v. Burchell (1962) 209 Cal.App.2d 324, 334

    "Upon putting laws into writing, they became even harder to change than before, and a hundred legal fictions rose to reconcile them with reality."

    — Will Durant

    Show neither partiality to the weak nor deference to the mighty, but judge your fellow men justly.

    Leviticus

    menuchevron-down linkedin facebook pinterest youtube rss twitter instagram facebook-blank rss-blank linkedin-blank pinterest youtube twitter instagram